Draft Genomes of Six Wild Poisonous Mushrooms.

Foodborne illnesses caused by wild mushroom poisoning occur globally and have led to food safety concerns. Here, we reported de novo genome assemblies of the six most commonly encountered toxic mushrooms in Thailand. These comprised Amanita brunneitoxicaria, Cantharocybe virosa, Chlorophyllum molybdites, Entoloma mastoideum, Pseudosperma sp. and Russula subnigricans. The nuclear genome sizes of these species ranged from 40 to 77 Mb, with the number of predicted genes ranging from 5,375 to 14,099. The mitogenome sizes varied from 41,555 to 78,907 bp. The resulting draft genomes of these poisonous mushrooms provide insights into toxin-related genes that may be used to establish genetic markers for monitoring mushroom poisoning outbreaks.

Highly sensitive voltammetric immunosensor for the detection of prostate specific antigen based on silver nanoprobe assisted graphene oxide modified screen printed carbon electrode.

In this work, we developed an effective voltammetric immunosensing platform for the sensitive detection of prostate specific antigen (PSA) utilizing a graphene oxide (GO) modified screen-printed carbon electrode (SPCE) hybridized with the ex-situ prepared silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) as a probe and signal transducer. The sensing platform comprises a direct-type immunoassay involving the selective interaction of PSA with anti-PSA. The surface morphology and analytical performance of the modified SPCE were characterized through relevant instrumentations. The changes in the voltammetric reduction current of AgNPs at 0.11 V in the sensor electrode was correlated to the PSA concentration. Under optimum conditions, the fabricated immunosensor exhibited a sensitive response to PSA with a limit of detection (LOD) of 0.27 ng mL-1 and a dynamic calibration range of 0.75-100.0 ng mL-1. We demonstrated that the participation of AgNPs along with GO modification contribute to the desired signal amplification and sensitive detection of PSA. It is anticipated that the proposed immunosensor can serve as a biomarker and potentially be utilized for the real sample quantification of PSA.

Sequential injection system with amperometric immunosensor for sensitive determination of human immunoglobulin G.

Sequential injection (SI) system incorporated with amperometric immunosensor was developed for sensitive determination of human immunoglobulin G (HIgG). A cost effective label-free immunosensor was fabricated by immobilizing anti-HIgG on a graphene oxide (GO) modified screen-printed carbon electrode (SPCE). The developed electrode was characterized by cyclic voltammetry(CV), scanning electron microscope(SEM), and energy dispersive spectroscopy(EDS) which confirmed the selective immunointeraction of HIgG to the anti-HIgG on the electrode, thus reduced the amperometric current of [Fe(CN)6]3-/4- redox probe. The sensing electrode was placed in a designed electrochemical flow cell of SI system, where the redox probe was propelled through and the currents before and after the immunointeraction occurred were measured amperometrically by using a simple home-made amperometer. Under the optimum condition: flow rate of 2mLmin-1, applied potential of +350mV, [Fe(CN)6]3-/4- concentration of 10mM and 10min of incubation time, a linear calibration in the range of 2-100ngmL-1 was achieved, with detection limit of 1.70ngmL-1. The proposed system provided good repeatability and reproducibility and the application for urine sample analysis was demonstrated.